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Authors
Xin, Yijing
Qian, Xifeng
Yang, Yanmin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
High level Hospital Clinical Research Funds (2022-GSP-GG-26)
High level Hospital Clinical Research Funds (2022-GSP-GG-26)
High level Hospital Clinical Research Funds (2022-GSP-GG-26)
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Article History
Received: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: Peking University has obtained ethical approval for CHARLS (IRB00001052–11015). All participants provided written informed consent, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Clinical trial number: not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
