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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 17 November 2025

First Online: 29 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study utilized publicly available, de-identified secondary data and was exempt from ethical review by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University (IRB No. E2403/004–007). All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.