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Authors
Xiao, Yingcheng
Yao, Qinqin
Cheng, Minna
Sun, Shuangyuan
Yang, Qinping
Wang, Siyuan
Zhang, Li
Wang, Jing
Jia, Yingnan
Shi, Yan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (20214Y0488)
the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (GWVI-8)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72004027)
the 6th Round Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (GWVI-6)
the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0524200)
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Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki . The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ChiCTR1900023813,2019/06/13), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All data used for analysis were coded and de-identified, with the original data containing participant identity information securely stored. The compensation for participation was provided in the form of a gift valued at approximately 20 yuan.
: Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the patient/parent/guardian/relative of the patient. A copy of the consent form is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
