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Authors
Liu, Chenlan
Hu, Bo
Wang, Ying
Pang, Xufeng
Guo, Kun
Zhu, Xiuli
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20YJAZH144)
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2024
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao University Hospital (NO. QYFY WZLL 25890). All participants provided written informed consent before their inclusion in the study. The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines and regulations to ensure ethical compliance.
: Not applicable. This manuscript includes figures and tables that do not contain any identifiable personal data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
