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Authors
Lin, Shunsheng
Wang, Cuiyan
Huang, Tingjing https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0780-6747
Chen, Ping
Huang, Zhi-Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-1970
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2024J011474)
Research Funds of Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM (2023IHM01052)
the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (2024B03J0436)
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Article History
Received: 26 January 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study analyzed publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, containing no personally identifiable information. As per institutional guidelines for de-identified population health data, formal ethical approval was not required. All analyses were conducted in accordance with GBD data use agreements, relevant privacy protection regulations, and institutional data governance policies.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
