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Authors
Liu, Ting https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0331-262X
Luo, Yiming Taclis https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6117-738X
Pang, Patrick Cheong-Iao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8820-5443
Wong, Dennis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-164X
Wang, Yapeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-5091
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Macao Science and Technology Development Fund (0032/2025/ITP1)
Macao Polytechnic University research grant (RP/FCA-10/2022)
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: This human ethics application for this research has been approved by the Macao Polytechnic University (project ID: HEA005-FCA-2024), and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants voluntarily participated and provided informed consent. Their responses were anonymous and treated as strictly confidential.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
