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Authors
Yao, Tianci
Liu, Chengyun
Wang, Kun
Gao, Guangyu
Zhao, Xiaofang
Fan, Haohui
Song, Bei
Liu, Ting
Zhang, Xinyue
Guang, Xueke
Zhang, Hao
Lu, Weilin
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Article History
Received: 21 September 2024
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
:
: CHARLS obtained ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Peking University Health Science Center, and all participants provided written informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
