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Authors
Zhang, Shuai
Tang, Hanhan
Pan, Linqing
Zhou, Minglian
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: The NHANES study was conducted under the authorization of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Committee and in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. The present secondary analysis of publicly available de-identified data was exempt from additional institutional review.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Supplementary Online Content.
