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Authors
Drou-Roget, Gemma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4545-3532
Bosque-Prous, Marina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-8880
Rogés, Judit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-7068
Teixidó-Compañó, Ester https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-7023
Folch, Cinta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-2668
Sánchez-Ledesma, Esther https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-4553
Serral, Gemma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-5593
Perez, Gloria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-3393
Vives-Cases, Carmen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-5051
Espelt, Albert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8625-4356
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ESPCP41/2022)
Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2021|86)
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2024
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: The DESK survey was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (internal code of approval: 96/2019). Participants aged 14 years or older (otherwise, their legal guardians) signed an informed consent, according to the Organic Law 3/2018, of Personal Data Protection and Guarantee of Digital Rights.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
