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Authors
Touni, Mohammed Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-8398
Hashem, Amal Mohamed
Moustafa, Manal Farouk
Ahmed, Eman Sayed
Mohammed, Heba Mostafa
Elsayed, Essam Eltantawy
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Badr University in Assiut (Approval No. 00346; Session 1, Item 4; dated August 11, 2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
