Xu, Chunxiao
Wright, Neil
Chen, Yiping
Pei, Pei
Yang, Ling
Sun, Dianjianyi
Barnard, Maxim
Lv, Jun
Gong, Zhimin
Yu, Canqing
Chen, Junshi
Gong, Weiwei
Li, Liming
Yu, Min
Chen, Zhengming
Wang, Meng
Du, Huaidong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province, China (2024KY913)
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0510100)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82192900, 82192901, 82192904,82388102)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82192900, 82192901, 82192904,82388102)
Wellcome grants to Oxford University (212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z)
UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00017/1, MC_UU_12026/2, MC_U137686851)
Cancer Research UK (C16077/A29186; C500/A16896)
British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454)
Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethics approvals were secured at local, national, and international levels prior to participant recruitment. Specific approvals were obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Beijing, China; No. 005/2004) and the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee, University of Oxford (Oxford, UK; No. 025 − 04). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.