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Authors
Zhang, Jia
Wang, Zhenzhong
Xu, Wen
Jiang, Rong
Zheng, Wenxiu
Kang, Wenfeng
Feng, Mingyu
Zhang, Yajuan
Lu, Peng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42307549)
Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (No. tsqn202211228)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by Binzhou Medical University ethics committee (NO.2019075). All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) and relevant institutional guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable. This study does not present any identifiable patient data, clinical images, or personal details that could compromise participant privacy.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
