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Authors
Oh, Jongmin
Lee, Ji Hyen
Bang, Yoorim
Lee, Ji Young
Ha, Eunhee
Shah, Surabhi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital (SEUMC2024-01-034). With the approval by the Institutional Review Board of principal investigator’s affiliation, we applied for the access to the Korean National Health Information database (NHID) approved by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) (NHIS-2024-10-1-029) in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was not obtained because the data was already anonymized and de-identified by the NHIS before analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
