Hasan, Md. Khalid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-9693
Uddin, Helal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-3174
Younos, Tahmina Bintay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-1130
Mukta, Nur A Habiba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7383-6605
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
Article History
Received: 11 January 2024
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study used publicly available, de-identified secondary data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The GSHS is a collaborative project developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is implemented by national Ministries of Health and Education. The datasets are freely available for download at https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/GSHS.
: The authors declare no competing interests.