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Authors
Mfinanga, Sayoki Godfrey
Kimaro, Godfather
Wilfred, Aman
Mnyambwa, Nicholaus
Steinhardt, Laura
McCracken, Stephen
Joseph, Lilian
Beyanga, Medard
Dawa, Jeanette
Nasimiyu, Carolyne
Lubinza, Clara
Kisuse, Juma
Judicate, George
Mbazi, Senkoro
Ngadaya, Esther
Angra, Pawan
Kokuhabwa, Mukurasi
Jalloh, Mohamed F.
Saguti, Grace
Swaminathan, Mahesh
Sichalwe, Aifello
Kariuki, Njenga
Nagu, Tumaini
Gatei, Wangeci
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
CDC , USA (NU2HGH000054-02-02)
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2024
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The research was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical approval was obtained from the Tanzania National Health Research Ethics Committee (NatHREC with Ref. No NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/3706). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants 18 years of age and older, and assent (7–17 years) and parental or guardian written informed consent and assent were obtained from participants younger than 18 years.
: The consent for publication was included in the informed consent process, and permission to publish was obtained from the NaTHREC.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
