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Authors
Mudzana, Pricilla Shupikayi
Mfidi, Faniswa Honest
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Univesity of South Africa, South Africa Pretoria
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2024
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki where the study involves human participants, ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Department of Health Studies, UNISA with reference number REC-012714-039 (NHERC). Based on this clearance, ethical approval was obtained from relevant authorities in the Mpumalanga Provincial Department of Education, at the district, and circuit level in the Mpumalanga Province. Permission to conduct the study was granted through official letters from the Ethics Committee to Sub District Offices and then to the management of selected and participating schools.
: Informed consent was obtained from adolescents who were 18 years and above. informed parental consent was obtained from parents of minors and minors signed the informed assent form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
