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Authors
Deeb, Salahaldeen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-0925
Amro, Alhareth M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7453-0319
Deeb, Tasneem Z. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8430-5975
Zoabi, Ayshe M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6634-2422
Amer, Sadeen F. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2019-5206
Al-muhtaseb, Deema N. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0168-2490
Al Haddad, Taima Z. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1744-6372
Deeb, Mayar Z. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2174-9897
Al Qasrawi, Dareen A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0783-9798
Khanfar, Ahmad H. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9660-2220
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Article History
Received: 9 November 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures involving human participants complied with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board Committee of Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine (471/REC/2025), and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board Committee of Al-Quds University prior to data collection. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants before they accessed the questionnaire. No identifying information was collected, and participation was voluntary.
: Not applicable; the manuscript contains no individual person’s data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
