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Authors
Al-Bitar, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3173-1942
Nasra, Ahmad Bishr https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8243-9385
Alsaoub, Lama https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8333-6430
Dayoub, Aows https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7896-9130
Hmidan, Abdulrahman https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4321-3003
Barghouth, Rawia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9274-1328
Kheder, Maria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9588-9677
Koja, Hamza https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5307-5061
Abubakir, Malaka https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6329-5183
Massoud, Rahaf https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4540-6295
Latifeh, Youssef https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-1212
Alsaid, Bayan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-4687
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in strict adherence to internationally recognized ethical standards, including the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. To ensure the protection of participants’ rights, dignity, and welfare, rigorous protocols were implemented to maintain anonymity, safeguard confidentiality, and prioritize voluntary participation.Formal approval for the research was granted by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BMREC) at Damascus University (ID: MD-210125-400). Prior to enrollment, all participants provided written informed consent following a comprehensive explanation of the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Emphasis was placed on transparency, with explicit assurances that participants retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or consequence.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
