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Authors
Soutukorva, Sari https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2872-8935
Kähkönen, Outi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-987X
Voutilainen, Ari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0664-2675
Suikkanen, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-4118
Saaranen, Terhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-6377
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sairaanhoitajien koulutussäätiö
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Declarations
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: University of Eastern Finland (UEF) Research Ethics Committee provided the statement (Ref. no 21/2024, August 16, 2024) that the study does not require formal ethics approval according to Finnish legislation, as there are no interventions interfering with physical integrity. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. The Finnish professional association (i.e., Vocational Educators and Specialists in Finland) granted permission (November 3, 2024) to conduct the study among their members. At the beginning of the survey, the respondents received written information about the study and gave written informed consent to participate in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
