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Authors
Xu, Ling
Lu, Rongrong
Wu, Haocheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan for Disease Prevention and Control (2025JK053)
Shangcheng District Medical and Health Technology Project (202402)
Fuyang District Social Development Science and Technology Project (202322)
the Major Science and Technology Project of the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (2022C03109)
Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Project (WKJ-ZJ-2522)
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Given that only anonymized surveillance information was analyzed, this study did not involve human research and that information that can identify personal identity is not needed for this study, the need to obtain informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The use of such data for retrospective epidemiological analysis was exempt from ethical approval and individual patient consent per institutional and national guidelines. All data handling and analysis were performed in strict accordance with the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects as set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
