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Authors
Yang, Jingran
Ma, Fang
Wang, Yu
Li, Qinglan
YangLan, Ruijie
Zhou, Min
Zhang, Yimei
Bai, Yangjuan
Hu, Qiulan
Wei, Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72364022)
the Medical High-Level Talent Training Program of Yunnan Provincial Health Commission (L-2024013)
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Ethics Approval No.: 2024L241) and the Ethics Committee of Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital (Ethics Approval No.: 2024-093-01). Prior to the distribution of the questionnaires, informed consent was obtained from each participant. Participants had the right to withdraw at any time without giving a reason, and their lack of participation or withdrawal would have no consequences for them. No compensation was offered for participation. Only researchers have access to the completed questionnaires, which are kept confidential and solely used for the purposes of this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
