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Article History

Received: 15 September 2025

Accepted: 2 January 2026

First Online: 10 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this study, as it involved secondary analysis of publicly available, anonymized data without any personal identifiers. The research strictly adhered to ethical standards and relevant guidelines for studies utilizing public health data.

: Not applicable. is study is based on publicly available, aggregated national mortality data from which no individual patient can be identified. Therefore, ethical approval and individual consent for publication were not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.