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Authors
Bilney, Emma Victoria Marianne
Vasenius, Maris
Mitchell, John
Downing, Julia
Francois, Pierre-Michel
McCall, Stephen
Forget, Patrice
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2024
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: No ethical approval was required for this study type, no human or animal subjects or materials were used.
: Not applicable.
: P.F. is supported by the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) for the Pain and Opioids after Surgery (PANDOS) and the Euro-Periscope Research Groups (IDs ESAIC_GR_2021_PF, ESAIC_RG_PAND, and ESAIC_RG_EP), and received advisory board/speaker fees from Grunenthal, GE Healthcare and Oncomfort. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
