Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 April 2025

Accepted: 5 January 2026

First Online: 22 January 2026

Declarations

:

: CMIE field teams obtained verbal informed consent from each adult next-of-kin respondent before conducting each verbal-autopsy survey. Participation was voluntary and could be declined at any time. CMIE, assisted by CGHR, complied with WHO norms for consent for verbal autopsies, and the WHO norms (see ) comply with the Helsinki Declaration. CMIE field teams likewise obtained informed consent before conducting the CPHS survey. CPHS consent also complies with the Helsinki Declaration. Each of these surveys is a commercial survey product available to the public without personal identifiers.The IRB of Unity Health hospital system (Case no. REB #15–231) gave the Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR) approval (including Prabhat Jha and Leslie Newcombe) to create the physician panel that mapped map CMIE’s verbal autopsy results to ICD10 codes that CMIE made available to the author for this study.The University of Chicago IRB determined the author’s study (Case No. IRB22-0119) was not human subjects research because the data were gathered by a commercial entity (not the author), the data are or will be publicly accessible, and no identifiable information is shared with the author. The author of this paper is an employee of the University of Chicago. He served as an unpaid advisor to CMIE for designing the sample frame for the verbal autopsy survey, but is not an employee or affiliate of CMIE. The author did not have access to any personally identifiable information from the survey.

: This study contains—and the author received—no personally identifiable data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.