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Authors
Alqunaibet, Ada
AlMahmassani, Hiya A.
Alghnam, Suliman
Alaswad, Rehab
Alsulaiman, Sultanah
Alkanhal, Norah https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2175-6953
Alahmadi, Rajaa
Alnasser, Lubna A. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1442-5293
Aldosari, Muath https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-2408
Algwizani, Abdullah
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: The Saudi National Health Indicators Survey (SHINE) was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and was approved by the Local IRB Committee of the Public Health Authority (Approval Number: SCDC-IRB-A055-2023). All participants provided verbal informed consent before participating in the survey. Due to the telephone-based nature of the study, verbal consent was deemed appropriate and was documented prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of confidentiality and anonymity. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined by the National Committee of Bioethics.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
