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Authors
Li, Shuman
Zhang, Zhe
Zhai, Yani
Yu, Guoqi
Yang, Yanting
Yang, Dongling
Luo, Chunyan
Sun, Lijing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (approval number: 2024-77). Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their parents or legal guardians prior to data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
