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Article History

Received: 27 July 2025

Accepted: 8 January 2026

First Online: 30 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Minhang District Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Approval No.: Min-Fuyou Ethics Review [2024] HS-02). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.