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Authors
Senadeera, Devathanthrige Janaka Chamara Harsh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-6300
Sayem, Abu Sadat Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-7892
Filho, Walter Leal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-5225
Farhat, Grace https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-7445
Moda, Haruna Musa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-8357
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Manchester Metropolitan University Health and Education Ethics Committee on 30 June 2023 (Ethos application number 45145). The study adhered to the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research and the Concordat to Support Research Integrity, where relevant, discipline-specific guidance from the British Psychological Society and the UK Research and Innovation Economic and Social Research Council Framework for Research Ethics was observed. Data processing complied with the UK General Data Protection Regulation and the Data Protection Act 2018. All participants received a participant information sheet outlining the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Participant consent was obtained prior to data collection. Participation was entirely voluntary, and all data were collected anonymously to ensure confidentiality.
: All participants provided written informed consent for publication of the study findings. Participation was voluntary, data was collected anonymously, and confidentiality and privacy were fully safeguarded.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
