Barba-Sánchez, Raquel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-6473
León-Gómez, Inmaculada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-8332
Pérez-Marín, Lucía https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6277-7667
García-García, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-4100
Gómez-Barroso, Diana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-1767
Funding for this research was provided by:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study did not require ethical approval as it did not involve human participants, personal data, or biological specimens. The analyses were conducted using anonymised, aggregated mortality and temperature data obtained from publicly available sources at ), managed by the National Centre of Epidemiology (CNE) of the Carlos III Health Institute.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.