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Authors
Yoshino, Shinya
Oshio, Atsushi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Grant from Tobacco Academic Studies Center (2020-06)
Grant from Tobacco Academic Studies Center (2020-06)
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee on Research with Human Subjects of Waseda University (Application No. 2020-018). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the survey, participants were presented with an information page stating that participation posed no health risks, that participation was voluntary, and that they could discontinue the survey at any time. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
