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Authors
Afable, Sanny D.
Saito, Yasuhiko
Kanda, Mikiko
Yun, Sunghun
Kimura, Hitomi
David, April Joy
Okayasu, Hiromasa
Cruz, Grace T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study design of the LSAHP was approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board Review Panel 2. Written informed consent was obtained from the respondents before the interview. Among older adults who could not read, verbal consent was obtained, and a witness—including an adult child or caretaker—signed the consent form on the older adult’s behalf.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
