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“It would have been easier for me to give up if I were alone”: how a pilot individualized case management intervention influenced female sex workers’ oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use in eThekwini, South Africa

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26375-8

Published Online: 2026-02-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Rock, Amelia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4160-6669
Shoen, Marie

Shipp, Lily

Mulumba, Ntambue

Ryan, Sofia

Makama, Siyanda

Mcingana, Mfezi

Comins, Carly

Hausler, Harry

Baral, Stefan

Schwartz, Sheree
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)

National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR016650) and National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121161) of the National Institutes of Health; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (P30AI094189).)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-04

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-13
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Article History

Received: 6 August 2024

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the University of the Western Cape Biomedical Research Ethics Committee in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Institutional Review Board in the United States (approval number IRB00008196), and the eThekwini Municipality and KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Departments of Health. Interviewers received participants’ voluntary, written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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