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Authors
Elamin, Ekhlas Monir Ali
Ali, FatimaElzhra A. B.
Ahmed, Arwa Abdelraouf
Ahmed, Samar
Ali, Waad K.
Alamin, Wafa Mutasim MohamedOsman
Hassan, Lubaba Yousif
Jabir, Afaf Mohammed Hammad
Eltayeb, Awab Abdulkarim Abdulfarraj
Khidir, Rayan Jamal Yousif
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Research and Publication Office, Dental Alumni and Students Affairs Office, Karary University, and the Noninvasive Clinic Ethics Committee (Approval date: 25/04/2025; Approval number: 24009). Participants were informed of the study's objectives, and participation was voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. No personally identifiable information was collected, and the questionnaire was anonymous. This study is not a clinical trial.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
