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Authors
Stvilia, Ketevan
Tohme, Rania A.
Shilton, Sonjelle
Tsereteli, Maia
Galdavadze, Ketevan
Handanagić, Senad
Schumacher, Irina Tskhomelidze
Shadaker, Shaun
Kiguradze, Eter
Skhirtladze, Tamar
Mozalevskis, Antons
Luhmann, Niklas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (GH20-2130)
World Health Organization (EUGEO2219881)
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Article History
Received: 26 November 2024
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki on Medical Research involving human subjects [ ]. Ethical approval of the study protocol was obtained from both local and international ethics review boards. Locally it was obtained from the NCDC and Public Health Georgia Institutional Review Board (IRB# 2021–049). Protocol version 1.1; 14 July 2021). International ethics clearance was received from the World Health Organization Ethics Review Committee (WHO ERC, Protocol ID: ERC.0003686). The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reviewed the study protocol and determined CDC’s role did not constitute human subjects research.Consent to participate was obtained from all study subjects.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
