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Authors
Shang, Lili
Zhao, Yanjie
Cong, Anan
Lv, Ping
Ding, Hua
Zhu, Xuequan
Zhang, Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
High-level Public Health Technical Talent Development Project (Subject Backbone-03-27)
Beijing Key Diseases Flow Control and Prevention grant (ZX035)
Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases grant (XM202111)
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted following approval from the Ethics Committee of Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval No.: MR-11-23-010737) and in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and institutional rules. Voluntary informed consent was secured from all participants before any study procedures, and they were assured of their right to withdraw at any time without consequence.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
