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Authors
Mulisa, Fred
Favina, Alain
Turatsinze, Everest
Lutasingwa, Dan
Mukashyaka, Ritah
Kansiime, Deborah
Habimana, Odile
Uwigiciro, Angelique
Iriza, Elisabeth
Gutabarwa, Louange Twahirwa
Azubuike, Precious
Higiro, Allan
Hobe, Nicholas
Kagaba, Aflodis
Kaggwa, Mark Mohan
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki [ ]. The Rwanda National Ethics Committee (RNEC) approved the study (NO: 106/RNEC/2023). All participants provided informed consent prior to participating in the study. In line with Rwanda’s Labour law, domestic workers aged 16 to 17 who are legally permitted to work and considered emancipated minors were allowed to consent independently. To ensure confidentiality, research assistants guided participants to a comfortable, secluded area away from other individuals to capture their responses. They provided informed written consent and completed a translated data collection questionnaire in Kinyarwanda, the local language.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
