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Authors
Tariq, Farheen
Bao, Qingdong
Wang, Xinhai
Lin, Xiao
li, Shanshan
Gao, Hua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371032)
Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023ZD60)
Taishan Scholar Program (tstp20231255)
Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University (2019RC009)
Joint Innovation Team for Clinical & Basic Research (202407)
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Eye Hospital, Shandong First Medical University (Approval No. R20250504), and the study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants (aged 6–18 years) before data collection and examinations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
