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Authors
Beyer, Ann-Kristin
Beck, Lilian
Pfeifer, Stefan
Kuhnert, Ronny
Hölling, Heike
Jans, Thomas
Berner, Annalena
Hetzke, Leila
Weyrich, Sophia
Scholz, Vanessa
Emser, Theresa
Mager, Diana
Ulsamer, Sanna
Wallau, Chantal
Romanos, Marcel
Gilbert, Martha
Kaman, Anne
Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike
Witte, Julian
Hasemann, Lena
Weinert, Katharina
Greiner, Wolfgang
Widmann, Jonas
Grau, Anna
Schäfer, Anna
Fiessler, Cornelia
Heuschmann, Peter
Riederer, Cordula
Schlack, Robert
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Robert Koch-Institut
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2024
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in strict adherence to the data protection provisions of the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the German Federal Data Protection Act. The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects – was also rigorously followed. The study was reviewed and ethically approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Würzburg (24 March 2021; reference number 249/20) and retrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Registry (study number DRKS00028866). Participants were informed about the study’s objectives and content, as well as data protection measures, and informed consent was obtained from parents. Children and adolescents aged 14 and older provided their informed consent for their parents to supply information about them in the online survey. For the clinical assessment, written informed consent was obtained from both parents and children aged eight years and older.
: Not applicable.
: PH lists the following research grants and contracts with organisations and institutions over the past 36 months: German Ministry of Research and Education; European Union; German Parkinson Society; University Hospital Würzburg; German Heart Foundation; Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) within the Innovation Fund; German Research Foundation; Bavarian State; German Cancer Aid; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (within Mondafis; supported by an unrestricted research grant from Bayer to the Charité); University of Göttingen (within FIND-AF randomized; supported by an unrestricted research grant from Boehringer Ingelheim to the University of Göttingen); University Hospital Heidelberg (within RASUNOA-prime; supported by unrestricted research grants from Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi Sankyo to the University Hospital Heidelberg). MR is a board member of the national self-help organisation ADHS Deutschland e.V. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
