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Authors
Wang, Jie
Liu, Chang
Li, Xiangyun
Cao, Xiuzhu
Li, Duanbin
Zhao, Linfang
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2024
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the original CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University. The survey respondents provided informed consent prior to their participation. The dataset used in this study is a publicly available dataset.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
