Weng, Qingqing
Li, Jiaxin
Zhang, Hao
Zeng, Xiaoli
Da, Dongxin
Wang, Huning
Zhang, Ying
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Scientific Research Fund of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (201502002)
Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Stomatological Ethics Committee of the Chinese Stomatological Association (Approval No. 2014-003). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the survey and examination.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.