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Article History

Received: 27 November 2025

Accepted: 9 February 2026

First Online: 16 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The objectives of the study were described to the participants, and their informed consent to participate in the study was obtained. The present study was conducted based on a research proposal approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences with the ethics code IR.KMU.REC.1400.487. To ensure the study captured the cultural and social diversity of the city’s different populations and to enhance the study’s precision, all three health centers were included. At each center, sampling was performed by a health worker who had been trained on the importance of the research and the implementation protocol. After obtaining the required approvals and explaining the study’s objectives to the parents, they were invited to participate. In order to ensure the confidentiality and convenience of the participants and thus to encourage honest answers, they were asked to deposit their completed questionnaire in a sealed collection box. Upon request, an interviewer was available to read questions out aloud for any of the participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.