Mustapa, Muhammad Adzran Che https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-627X
Larvoe, Noah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-970X
El Ghoch, Marwan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-4752
Kallas, Zein https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-3691
Funding for this research was provided by:
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (101080645)
Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
:
: EHIS Wave 3 was carried out in strict compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Participation in the survey was voluntary. Respondents were informed about the study’s objectives, content and data protection measures and provided verbal informed consent. Country-specific sub-studies followed their respective national guidelines and procedures.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.