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Authors
Saric, Jasmina
Aerts, Ann
Barboza, Joseph
Boch, Johannes
Muñoz, Daniel Cobos
Junqueira, Thais
Rajkumar, Sarah
Reiker, Theresa
Rosiers, Sarah Des
Secula, Florence
Silveira, Mariana
Socha, Anna
Maggion, Rafael Venijio
Steinmann, Peter
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novartis Foundation
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2023
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: Written or oral informed consent was obtained from all participants. All participants were part of the CARDIO4Cities study group. Ethical approval to conduct the study was provided within the framework of the Initiative’s ethical approval, given by the Comité National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé au Sénégal (Protocol SEN19/14) and by the Municipal Health Secretariat of São Paulo on 24th March 2022 under reference number 5.311.415.
: Not applicable.
: The Novartis Foundation funded CARDIO4Cities and the presented study. The Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, the Instituto Tellus and IntraHealth are funded by the Novartis Foundation for contributing to the implementation and/or evaluation of CARDIO4Cities and the study described here. None of the authors has declared any additional conflict of interest.
