Iliassu, Shariffatou
Mbanga, Clarence
Ngenge, Michael Budzi
Ndoula, Shalom
Njoh, Andreas Ateke
Griffith, Bridget C.
Patel, Sonali
Singh, Navpreet
Nebongo, Daniel
Bieme-Ndi, Emilienne Carine
Derrick, Njike Sibenu
Mngemane, Shadrack
Ajayi, Tosin
Zultak, Laure Anais
Saidu, Yauba
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by Cameroon’s National Ethics Committee for Human Health Research (CNERSH) (application number 2024/06/168666/CE/CNERSH/SP) and was conducted in full accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study and their confidentiality and anonymity were maintained through unique identifiers, with no personal names or contact information. All study methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidance and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.