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Authors
Oshima, Katsuo
Fukuda, Hideki
Murata, Yukie
Ida, Yusuke
Ishizuka, Yoichi
Miura, Hiroko
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23IA2003)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23IA2003)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (25FA1013)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23IA2003)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23IA2003)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23IA2003)
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Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects established by Japanese Government Agencies. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Nippon Dental University College at Tokyo (November 2023; #313). Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants via a website. Participants’ personal information was protected by the research company.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
