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Authors
Kwakye, Adwoa Oforiwaa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-3995
Agyeman-Dua, Ama
Larry-Afutu, Joana Afful https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-5527
Kretchy, Irene Akwo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-5937
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Ghana (UGRF/15/ECG-006/2023-2024)
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Article History
Received: 26 December 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (2024 update), which provides guidelines for medical research involving human participants. The clearance was given by the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) Research Department Institutional Review Board (Ref: CHAG-IRB/020/2024) which belongs to a network of Church owned facility and works under Ghana’s Ministry of Health. In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, all living participants provided free and informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were informed about the study’s purpose, their right to withdraw at any time without consequences, and the confidentiality of the data collected.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
