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Authors
McSweeney, L.
Andrew, M. J.
Jones, A. R.
Gordon, I.
Pennington, L.
Woodside, J. V.
Craven, M.
Spence, S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR163058.)
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki ( ). Ethical approval was received from the Faculty of Medical Sciences Ethical Review Committee, Newcastle University. All study participants provided informed consent or ascent to participate.
: Participants consented for their anonymised data to be used for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
