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Authors
Gao, Yibo
Li, Mingzhe
Suzuki, Koya
Zhang, Yanfeng
Tian, Yichuan
Pan, Xiang
Jiang, Lupei
Xu, Donghai
Yang, Qiaoyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University (None)
the Research Encouragement Program of Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science (None)
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2022YFC3600204)
China National Fitness Activity Status Survey (None)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
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: All investigators written informed consent was obtained from each participant before the questionnaire was administered. This study protocol was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China Institute of Sport Science (approval nos. CISSLA-20191029 and CISSLA-20220629).
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
