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Authors
Chen, Qiuping
Sun, Quan
Shao, Mingyi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82474681)
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2024NSFSC1829)
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that this study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center (Approval No: YJ-K2024-53-02). This study utilized exclusively anonymized and aggregated secondary data from the National Population Health Data Center, which contained no personal identifiers. In accordance with Article 32 of the "Ethics Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans" (National Health Science Education Development [2023] No. 4) of China, and as confirmed by the approving Ethics Committee, the requirement for informed consent was waived for this retrospective analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
