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Authors
Nkambule, Bongi Siyabonga
Sambo, Grace
Mwamlima, Bwanalori
Kahuni, Spiwe
Aydin, Halide Z.
Yildiz, Nadire Gülçin
Aydin, Kemal
Phiri, Doreen
Santri, Ichtiarini Nurullita
Adikusuma, Wirawan
Chakanika, Beatrice
Phiri, Yohane Vincent Abero
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2023
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: The Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) is conducted in partnership with the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The surveys received ethical approval from the Zimbabwe Health and Human Research Review Board, as well as additional approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Columbia University Medical Center. Participants were included in the study after providing their informed consent, either personally or through their parents/guardians if they were under 18 years old. The consent form clearly outlined the measures taken to protect their privacy, and participants were assured of their right to withdraw from the study without facing any negative consequences. This study strictly followed ethical guidelines and the research protocols approved by the Institutional Review Boards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
